Rectification of polymer translocation through nanopores by chiral and nonchiral active particles

We study unbiased translocation of a flexible polymer chain through a membrane pore under the influence of active noise and steric exclusion using Langevin dynamics simulations. The active noise is incorporated by introducing nonchiral and chiral active particles on one or both sides of the membrane. Translocation of the polymer into either side of the pore is assisted by an effective pulling due to particle activity and is hindered by an effective pushing due to steric repulsions between the polymer and active particles. As a result of the competition between these effective forces, we find a transition between two rectified ({\em cis}-to-{\em trans} and {\em trans}-to-{\em cis}) states. This transition is identified by a sharp increase of translocation time. It varies depending on the system parameters such as particle activity, area fraction and chirality whose effects are explored in this work.Comment: 10 pages, 7 figure

Determining wireless local area network (WLAN) vulnerabilities on academic network

The advancement and proliferation of wireless local area network nowadays have driven for an alarm on the whole network operation.The concern applies to both business and academic computer network environments.This paper describes our research and experiences in performing network vulnerabilities analysis in academic local area network.The research uses network vulnerability analysis methodology to perform vulnerability analysis on Academic and Administration building. From the analysis, the overall network security level can be determined.Remedies and solution to counter any vulnerability can also be prescribed and this will reduce network vulnerability threat to academic local area network

Empowering Green Healthcare Supply Chain Management Practices Challenges and Future Research

The purpose of this paper is to explore the internal challenging factors of green healthcare supply chain management practices that contributed to the sustainable development in Malaysia. Green healthcare supply chain management practices are unique, different and more complex because of the impact on the environment and also the human health. This study thoroughly analysed, reviewed and explained each factor in detail from the various previous literature perspectives. This paper is one of the first to identify and conceptually discuss the use of green healthcare supply chain management practices that contributes to the sustainable development of healthcare industries in a single setting in a developing country. This study explored the internal challenging factors of green healthcare supply chain management practices that contributed to the sustainable development of a private hospital in Malaysia. The findings of the research will enlighten our view on green healthcare supply chain management practices. Besides, it contributes to researchers, the existing corpus of knowledge and a promise to expand the research stream on green healthcare supply chain management practices. The empirical findings will suggest to green healthcare supply chain to practitioner possible ways to obtain and maintain competitive advantages in the healthcare industries as proactive strategies that contribute to the sustainable development in Malaysia

Thermoplastic elastomers based on recycled plastics and waste tires

This work developed an innovative approach of tire recycling through the application of waste tire rubber and textile fiber as reinforcements for the production of fully recycled thermoplastic elastomer (TPE), compounds turning wastes into added-value materials. An experimental optimization was performed to develop a specific phase morphology and achieve balanced physical, mechanical, and thermal properties of TPE based on recycled materials. In the first part, ground rubber tire (GTR) from regenerated rubber (RR) and non-regenerated rubber (NRR) based on off-the-road (OTR) tires were melt blended (twin-screw extrusion) with recycled high-density polyethylene (rHDPE) to investigate the effect of rubber regeneration and composition on the processability, phase morphology and properties of highly filled TPE containing up to 90 wt.% GTR. Inclusion of RR into rHDPE contributed to better flowability and processability because of higher chain mobility and particle deformability compared to NR particles. Despite decreasing tensile strength and tensile modulus with rubber content (stress concentration points), the elongation at break and impact strength increased which was attributed to the presence of a more elastic phase content and higher energy absorption through the deformation of rubbery particles retarding fracture. In the second part, TPE blends based on recycled thermoplastic were prepared via melt blending to study the effect of GRT particle size (0–250 μm, 250–500 μm and 500–850 μm) and content (0, 20, 35, 50 and 65 wt.%). The results revealed that for a fixed blend composition, smaller GTR particles (0–250 μm) gave higher tensile properties and toughness compared to larger particles because of higher specific surface area (higher value and better contact) between small GTR particles and the matrix promoting interfacial interaction. However, smaller particles had a negligible effect on mechanical strength at higher GTR content (above 50 wt.%) since incompatibility and poor interphase quality played a more significant role. In the next step, different types of regenerated recycled rubbers (RR₁ and RR₂) were used to produce highly filled TPE blends (over 70 wt.%). Strong entanglement between RR₂ (regeneration degree of 24%) free chains and the thermoplastic macromolecules contributed to strong interfacial interaction, leading to high mechanical properties. The introduction of a recycled ethylene-vinyl acetate (rEVA) copolymer improved the elongation at break and impact strength by 27% and 11% respectively, via encapsulation of the rubber phase by the elastomer copolymer (10 wt.%) forming a thick/soft interphase decreasing interfacial stress concentration slowing down fracture. In the last part, a masterbatch based on maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene (MAPE)/RR (70/30) was used for impact modification and compatibilization of recycled TPE composites reinforced with recycled tire fiber (RTF). The addition of surface coated RR with the coupling agent delayed crack initiation/propagation by forming a thick/soft interphase decreasing interfacial stress concentration slowing down fracture. Encapsulation of the rubber phase by MAPE provided an efficient method for waste tire recycling (rubber and fibers) by producing toughened TPE composites with acceptable mechanical properties. Overall, the results obtained in this project open the door for further development of waste tires recycling via the production of environmentally friendly, cost effective and added-value TPE compounds for several industrial applications like automotive, packaging and civil engineering.Ce travail développe une approche innovante du recyclage des pneus grâce à l'application de déchets de caoutchouc de pneus et de fibres textiles comme renforts pour la production de composés élastomères thermoplastiques (TPE) entièrement recyclés transformant les déchets en matériaux à valeur ajoutée. Une optimisation expérimentale a été réalisée pour développer une morphologie de phase spécifique et obtenir des propriétés physiques, mécaniques et thermiques équilibrées du TPE à base de matériaux recyclés. Dans la première partie, de la poudrette de pneu usé (GTR) à partir de caoutchouc régénéré (RR) et de caoutchouc non régénéré (NRR) à base de pneus hors-route (OTR) ont été mélangés à l'état fondu (extrusion à double vis) avec des matériaux recyclés comme le polyéthylène haute densité recyclé (rHDPE) pour étudier l'effet de la régénération et de la composition du caoutchouc sur l'aptitude au moulage, la morphologie des phases et les propriétés du TPE hautement chargé contenant jusqu'à 90% en poids de GTR. L'inclusion de RR dans le rHDPE a contribué à une meilleure fluidité et une aptitude au moulage en raison de la mobilité des chaînes et de la déformabilité des particules plus élevées que les particules NR. Malgré la diminution de la résistance à la traction et du module de traction avec la teneur en caoutchouc (points de concentration de contrainte), l'allongement à la rupture et la résistance aux chocs ont augmenté, ce qui a été attribué à la présence d'une teneur en phase plus élastique et d'une absorption d'énergie plus élevée par la déformation des particules caoutchouteuses retardant la rupture. Dans la deuxième partie, des mélanges de TPE à base de thermoplastique recyclé ont été préparés par mélange à l'état fondu pour étudier l'effet de la taille des particules de GTR (0-250 μm, 250-500 μm et 500-850 μm) et leur contenu (0, 20, 35, 50 et 65% en poids). Les résultats ont révélé que pour une composition de mélange fixe, les particules de GTR plus petites (0-250 μm) ont donné des propriétés de traction et une ténacité plus élevées par rapport aux particules plus grosses en raison d'une surface spécifique plus élevée (valeur plus élevée et meilleur contact) entre les petites particules de GTR et la matrice favorisant l’interaction interfaciale. Cependant, les particules plus petites ont un effet négligeable sur la résistance mécanique à une teneur en GTR plus élevée (au-dessus de 50% en poids) puisque l'incompatibilité et la mauvaise qualité de l'interphase ont joué un rôle plus important. Dans l'étape suivante, différents types de caoutchoucs recyclés régénérés (RR₁ et RR₂) ont été utilisés pour produire des mélanges de TPE hautement chargés (plus de 70% en poids). Un fort enchevêtrement entre les chaînes libres RR₂ (degré de régénération de 24%) et les macromolécules thermoplastiques a contribué à une forte interaction interfaciale conduisant à des propriétés mécaniques élevées. L'introduction d'un copolymère éthylène-acétate de vinyle recyclé (rEVA) a montré une augmentation de l'allongement à la rupture et de la résistance aux chocs de 27% et 11% respectivement, via l'encapsulation de la phase de caoutchouc par le copolymère élastomère (10% en poids) formant un interphase épaisse/flexible diminuant la concentration de contraintes interfaciales ralentissant la fracture. Dans la dernière partie, un mélange maître à base de polyéthylène greffé à l'anhydride maléique (MAPE)/RR (70/30) a été utilisé pour la modification d'impact et la compatibilisation de composites TPE recyclés renforcés de fibres de pneu recyclées (RTF). L'ajout de RR recouvert en surface avec l'agent de couplage a retardé l'initiation et la propagation des fissures en formant une interphase épaisse/flexible diminuant la concentration de contraintes interfaciales ralentissant la fracture. L'encapsulation de la phase caoutchouc par MAPE a fourni une méthode efficace pour le recyclage des pneus usés (caoutchouc et fibres) en produisant des composites TPE renforcés avec des propriétés mécaniques acceptables. Dans l'ensemble, les résultats obtenus dans ce projet ouvrent la porte à un développement ultérieur du recyclage des pneus usagés via la production de composés TPE respectueux de l'environnement, rentables et à valeur ajoutée pour plusieurs applications industrielles telles que l'automobile, l'emballage et le génie civil

FUNCTIONAL OUTCOME AFTER DECOMPRESSION FOR DORSAL SPINE TUBERCULOSIS SURGREIS

OBJECTIVE: functional outcome of improvement after decompression for dorsal spine tuberculosis in terms of frankle grading. METHODOLOGY: This prospective study was conducted after ethical approval at neurosurgical ward mmc/mti through non-probability sampling. Clinical and radiological examined patients with carriers of dorsal spine tuberculosis were enrolled in study. After surgery they were followed for three months and improvement were measured comparing pre and post op Frankle grading. RESULTS:  Total of 38 patients underwent surgical procedure decompression ± fusion through postero-lat approach (costotransversectomy) in which 42% were male and 58% were female. Mean age was 34±5. Distribution for age group was 18-30(08), 31-40(13), and 51-60 (06). Level of disease D4-D8 were 17(44.8%), D9-D12 were 21(55.2%). CONCLUSION: decompression and stabilization in spine tuberculosis is safe, effective and results in good outcome clinically. The advantages of surgery include through debridement, decompression and achievement of spinal stabilization. KEY WORDS: Dorsal spine tuberculosis, corpectomy with fusion, laminectomy, outcome measure